The guiding principle in Icelandic preschools is learning through play. In fact, the word for kindergarten, "leikskóli," translates to "playschool." Children learn SEL in an environment that encourages freedom, self-reliance, independence, collaboration, and empathy. There is not one specific program that targets SEL skills; instead, it is integrated into the method of teaching and guidance.
A study from 2013 found that about 97% of all children in the country attend preschool, which is available starting at the age of 18 months. Most facilities have a nine-hour day to accommodate the schedules of working parents. In addition, all preschools, both federal and private, are sponsored by the municipality to various degrees, ensuring that every child is given a chance to attend.
As in most countries, the rise and widespread availability of kindergartens was powered by the women's rights movement, which combined influences from both the United States and Scandinavia to shape the preschool curriculum. That resulted in the adoption of democratic values instilled in the children from a very young age, along with the Nordic concept of a "good childhood."
The curriculum is set at the beginning of the school year with input from the parents. It follows the National Curriculum Guide for Preschools, issued by the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, which is very general and leaves much room for interpretation. The essential part implemented in all preschools is "Social responsibility," which revolves around classroom and community contribution, peaceful problem-solving, diversity, human and democratic rights, and responsibilities. Children are encouraged to experiment, explore and challenge themselves. Their movement in the kindergarten and the yard is not limited but encouraged. In such a manner, they can continuously and effortlessly learn, cooperate and explore, all through play.
References
Dyrfjord, Kristin. (2014). The Icelandic Preschool System – Origins, Influences, Development and Curriculum Reforms.
Einarsdottir, J. (July, 2011). Training of Preschool Teachers in Iceland. Haskoli Islands: http://vefir.hi.is/kennaramenntun/files/2011/08/Training-of-Preschool-Teachers-in-Icelandjóhanneinarsdótir.pdf
Jacobsdottir, K. (2019). Iceland's Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Government of Iceland
Reykjavik, Iceland
